Synthesis and Characterization of Sodium Lignosulfonate from Teak Wood Sawdust Lignin via Indirect Sulfonation
How to cite (AJARCDE) :
This study aims to synthesize Sodium Lignosulfonate (NLS) from teak wood lignin through an indirect sulfonation method. The effect of pH and sulfonation time on the characteristics of the synthesized product was investigated. The sulfonation process was carried out using a sulfonating agent under controlled conditions with variations in pH and reaction time. The obtained product was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to identify functional groups and Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy to evaluate absorbance behavior. The FTIR results indicated the presence of sulfonate groups (-SO?), confirming the successful formation of sodium lignosulfonate. Meanwhile, UV-Vis analysis showed variations in absorbance corresponding to changes in pH and sulfonation time, indicating differences in the degree of sulfonation. The results were compared with previous studies and showed consistent characteristics of sodium lignosulfonate. This study demonstrates that pH and sulfonation time significantly influence the properties of the synthesized product.
[1] F. Maulida, K. B. Meiganati, and M. Maslahat, “Komponen Kimia Kayu Trubusan Jati Unggul Nusantara (Tectona grandis Linn.f.) pada Bagian Pangkal, Tengah, dan Ujung,” Jurnal Sains Natural Universitas Nusa Bangsa, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 55–60, Jul. 2020.
[2] E. Andriani and H. Nasrudin, “Effect of Type of Bamboo and Concentration Sodium Bisulfite on Yield Sodium Lignosulfonate,” UNESA Journal of Chemistry, vol. 2, no. 1, Jan. 2013.
[3] R. Saufiyah, L. Ingriyani, and M. D. Putra, “Pengaruh Konsentrasi NaHSO3 dan Suhu pada Produksi Surfaktan dari Sekam Padi Melalui Sulfonasi Langsung,” Konversi, vol. 4, no. 1, p. 6, Apr. 2015, doi: 10.20527/k.v4i1.259.
[4] N. Thungphotrakul, P. Dittanet, S. Loykulnunt, S. Tanpichai, and P. Parpainainar, “Synthesis of Sodium Lignosulfonate from Lignin Extracted from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches by Acid/Alkaline Treatment for Reinforcement in Natural Rubber Composites,” IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng., vol. 526, no. 1, Aug. 2019, doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/526/1/012022.
[5] F. H. M. Saleh, A. D. C. Jumail, and F. Muhajirin, “Pembuatan Surfaktan Sodium Lignosulfonat dari Ampas Tebu,” Teknoin, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 1–4, Jun. 2016.
[6] S. Saputro and A. Retnaningrum, “Penggunaan Serbuk Gergaji Kayu Jati (Tectona Grandis L.f.),” Seminar Nasional Pendidikan Sains, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 479–485, Oct. 2016.
[7] A. Iram, A. Berenjian, and A. Demirci, “A Review on the Utilization of Lignin as a Fermentation Substrate to Produce Lignin-Modifying Enzymes and Other Value-Added Products,” Molecules, vol. 26, no. 10, pp. 1–17, May 2021, doi: 10.3390/molecules26102960.
[8] W. R. Hartari, B. Undadraja, F. Delvitasari, Maryanti, Ersan, and Sarono, “Pemanfaatan Limbah Delignifikasi Bioethanol dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit Menjadi Surfaktan Natrium Lignosulfonat,” G-Tech: Jurnal Teknologi Terapan, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 1180–1186, Jul. 2023, doi: 10.33379/gtech.v7i3.2786.
[9] Sukmawati and P. P. Lestari, “Optimization of NaHSO3 Concentration and Feeding Time in the Making of Sodium Lignosulphonate (NaLS) Surfactan from Rice Straw,” CHEDS: Journal of Chemistry, Education, and Science, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 14–21, Jun. 2021.
[10] E. A. Cazier, T. N. Pham, L. Cossus, M. Abla, T. Ilc, and P. Lawrence, “Exploring Industrial Lignocellulosic Waste: Sources, Types, and Potential as High-Value Molecules,” Waste Management, vol. 188, pp. 11–38, Nov. 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.07.029.
[11] A. M. Mansor, J. S. Lim, F. N. Ani, H. Hashim, and W. S. Ho, “Characteristics of Cellulose, Hemicellulose and Lignin of MD2 Pineapple Biomass,” Chem. Eng. Trans., vol. 72, pp. 79–84, 2019, doi: 10.3303/CET1972014.
[12] C. Budiyantoro and F. Yudhanto, “Comparative Analysis of Cellulose, Hemicellulose and Lignin on The Physical and Thermal Properties of Wood Sawdust for Bio-Composite Material Fillers,” Revue des Composites et des Materiaux Avances, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 109–116, Feb. 2024, doi: 10.18280/rcma.340114.
[13] R. Rahhutami, A. S. Handini, and I. Lestari, “Pengaruh Delignifikasi Termal Terhadap Substansi Dinding Sel Pada Limbah Bunga Jantan Kelapa Sawit Pasca Anthesis (The Influence of Thermal Delignification of Cell Substantials for The Waste of Oil Palm Mail Flowers Post Anthesis),” Jurnal Agro Industri Perkebunan, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 61–68, Oct. 2020, doi: 10.25181/jaip.v8i2.1377.
[14] G. Song et al., “Construction of Anhydrous Two-Step Organosolv Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass for Efficient Lignin Membrane-Extraction and Solvent Recovery,” JPhys Energy, vol. 5, no. 1, Jan. 2023, doi: 10.1088/2515-7655/acacc7.
[15] N. H. Jihan et al., “Jurnal Review: Trans-Sulfonasi Berganda untuk Produksi Palm Ester Sulfonat (PES) Bagi Pengembangan Teknologi Enhached Oil Recovery (EOR),” Jurnal Teknik dan Teknologi, vol. 15, pp. 30–36, 2020.
[16] N. T. Berghuis et al., “Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Surfaktan Lignosulfonat dari Lignin Alkali Standar dan Lignosulfonat Teraminasi dari Lignosulfonat Standar,” Jurnal Ilmu Kimia dan Terapan, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 32–41, 2022.
[17] S. Muharom, Sudarmin, and N. Wijayati, “Sintesis Natrium Lignosulfonat Berbasis Lignin Pelepah Salak Pondoh (Salacca zalacca (Gaertner) Voss),” Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 270–276, 2018, [Online]. Available: http://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/ijcs
[18] Sukmawati, “Pengaruh Temperatur dan Rasio Bahan Baku pada Pembuatan Surfaktan dari Pelepah Sawit,” Journal of Animal Science and Agronomy Panca Budi, vol. 2, no. 02, pp. 37–44, Dec. 2017.
[19] N. Bryant, N. Engle, T. Tschaplinski, Y. Pu, and A. J. Ragauskas, “Variable Lignin Structure Revealed in Populus Leaves,” RSC Adv., vol. 13, no. 29, pp. 20187–20197, Jul. 2023, doi: 10.1039/d3ra03142j.
[20] P. Kusumo, S. Biyono, and S. Tegar, “Isolasi Lignin dari Serbuk Grajen Kayu Jati (Tectona Grandis) dengan Metode Klasson,” Jurnal Teknik: Media Pengembangan Ilmu dan Aplikasi Teknik, vol. 19, no. 02, pp. 130–139, Nov. 2020, [Online]. Available: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
[21] N. Maulida, Aisah, D. S. Perwitasari, N. D. Siswati, and Sani, “Sintesis Surfaktan Natrium Lignosulfonat (C20H24Na2O10S2) Berbahan Dasar Serbuk Kayu Mahoni Menggunakan Proses Sulfonasi.,” Jurnal Fisika Unand, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 421–427, Jul. 2025, doi: 10.25077/jfu.14.4.421-427.2025.
[22] H. Wang et al., “Depolymerization of Lignosulfonate Catalyzed by Different Solid Base Oxides to Prepare Phenolic Compounds,” Catalysts, vol. 14, no. 11, Nov. 2024, doi: 10.3390/catal14110781.
[23] L. Qadariyah, D. Ramadhan, and A. Gusti, “Production of Sodium Lignosulfonate (SLS) Surfactant from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches (OPEFB) Using Microwave,” ICSChem, vol. 481, no. 481, Jan. 2024, doi: 10.1051/e3sconf/202448106006.
[24] T. Aro and P. Fatehi, “Production and Application of Lignosulfonates and Sulfonated Lignin,” ChemSusChem, vol. 10, no. 9, pp. 1861–1877, May 2017, doi: 10.1002/cssc.201700082.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.