DOI : https://doi.org/10.29165/ajarcde.v10i2.1093

Reaction Kinetics of Potassium Sulfate Formation from Bleaching Earth Liquid Waste and Potassium Hydroxide

Adinda Fatin Hamama (1), Gabriel Firgiane Cinta Sari (2), Caecilia Pujiastuti (3), Erman Adi Saputro (4), Ketut Sumada (5)
(1) Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering & Science, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur, Surabaya, Indonesia
(2) Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering & Science, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur, Surabaya, Indonesia
(3) Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering & Science, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur, Surabaya, Indonesia
(4) Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering & Science, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur, Surabaya, Indonesia
(5) Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Engineering & Science, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur, Surabaya, Indonesia
Fulltext View | Download
How to cite (AJARCDE) :
Hamama, A. F., Cinta Sari, G. F., Pujiastuti, C., Saputro, E. A., & Sumada, K. (2026). Reaction Kinetics of Potassium Sulfate Formation from Bleaching Earth Liquid Waste and Potassium Hydroxide . AJARCDE (Asian Journal of Applied Research for Community Development and Empowerment), 10(2), 612–616. https://doi.org/10.29165/ajarcde.v10i2.1093 (Original work published June 27, 2026)
Citation Format :

This study examines the kinetics of potassium sulfate (K2SO4) formation from industrial liquid waste generated by bleaching earth. The objective is to evaluate the effects of temperature and reaction time on the conversion rate of sulfuric acid, determine the reaction order, and calculate the activation energy. The process involves reacting the diluted acid-rich liquid waste with analytical-grade potassium hydroxide (KOH) under constant stirring at temperatures of 50–70°C for 20–40 minutes. The results show that conversion increases with higher temperature and longer reaction time, reaching an optimum conversion (XA) of 96.22% at 70°C for 40 minutes. Kinetic analysis indicates that the reaction follows a second order model based on the highest coefficient of determination (R2). The calculated activation energy (Ea) is 8580.048 J/mol with a frequency factor (k0) of 367.0784, expressed in the rate constant equation, adhering to the Arrhenius model (R2 = 0.844) despite slight experimental deviations. These findings highlight the potential use of bleaching earth liquid waste as a raw material for potassium sulfate production and provide insight into its reaction kinetics.


Contribution to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs):
SDG 2: Zero Hunger
SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth
SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure
SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production
SDG 13: Climate Actio

[1] Pujiastuti, C., Sumada, K., Armidianti, M., & Ahmad, B. R. A. Bleaching Earth Recovery from Waste to Purify Cooking Oil by Extraction–Activation Method. Journal of Research and Technology, 8(2), 169–177. https://doi.org/10.55732/jrt.v8i2.401. 2022

[2] Mubarak, F. Kinetika Reaksi Sintesis Hidroksiapatit Menggunakan Metode Presipitasi Dengan Pencampuran Langsung. Jom FTEKNIK, 3(1), 1–5. 2021.

[3] Andini, M. T., Darwati, & Dewati, R. Kinetika Reaksi Pembentukan Kalium Sulfat dari Ekstrak Abu Janjang Kelapa Sawit dan Asam Sulfat. ChemPro Journal, 1(2), 20–25. 2020.

[4] Dewi, B., Andriansyah, D., Astuti, D., Sumada, K., & Sani. Sintesis dan Karakteristik Pupuk Amonium Sulfat Berbahan Dasar Limbah Cair Industri Bleaching Earth. Inovasi Teknik Kimia, 9(3), 223–227. 2024.

[5] Usman, M. A., Ekwueme, V. I., Alaje, T. O., & Mohammed, A. O. (2012). Characterization, Acid Activation, and Bleaching Performance of Ibeshe Clay, Lagos, Nigeria. ISRN Ceramics, 2012, 1–5

[6] Hailemariam, T. T. Production Of Acid-Activated Bleaching Earth From Bentonite Clay For Edible Oil Bleaching. International Journal of Science and Environment, 3(2), 45–52. 2024.

[7] Restaji, M. F., Afandi, M. Y. A., & Sumada, K. Sintesis Nanopartikel Bentonit Untuk Bleaching Earth Dengan Metode Sol-Gel: Pengaruh Waktu Pematangan Dan Suhu Kalsinasi. Jurnal Inovasi Teknik Kimia, 9(1), 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.62870/jip.v14i2.35356. 2024.

[8] Levenspiel, O. Chemical Reaction Engineering. 3rd edn. New York: John Wiley and Sons. 1990.

[9] Gemgard, U. The Arrhenius Equation is Still a Useful Tool in Chemical Engineering. Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal, 32(1), 21–24. https://doi.org/10.3183/NPPRJ-2017-32-01-p021-024. 2017.

[10] Radja, B. H., Firdani, A., & Billah, M. Kinetika Reaksi Pembuatan Magnesium Hidroksid dari Bittern. ChemPro, 2(1), 23–28. https://doi.org/10.33005/chempro.v2i01.73. 2023.

[11] Phimmavong, S. Effect of Concentration on Reaction Speed. International Journal Papier Advance and Scientific Review, 1(1), 21–29. 2020.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.